Is your commercial kitchen one fire away from disaster?
By Billy Findley
According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), there were 7,640 structural fires in eating and drinking establishments between 2006 and 2010. That may not seem like a huge number when you consider all the restaurants in operation in the United States today; however, those fires resulted in more than $246 million in property damages.
More recent data from the Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) for restaurant fires from 2011-2013 shows that, on average, a fire in a commercial kitchen will result in an average loss of $23,000. For about 43% of those restaurants, that fire shut them down for good.
Thanks to fire safety regulations and advances in fire suppression technology, fatalities are far less common than they used to be. However, property losses due to kitchen fires continue to underscore the need for kitchen owners to fully understand the fire hazards and implement the training the kitchen staff need to minimize the risk of fire — and have a properly designed fire suppression system that is inspected and maintained on a regular basis.
Commercial kitchens pose a unique kind of fire risk with people hustling and bustling in crowded spaces with open flames, lots of heat and plenty of combustible material.
According to FEMA, cooking was by far the leading cause of non-residential building fires from 2006-2015 and appears to be on the rise. Two of the most common and obvious cooking-related fire hazards in commercial kitchens include:
- Grease traps: Grease is a given in any commercial kitchen, and is highly combustible. Grease traps, which contain large amounts of grease near heated equipment, can present a significant fire hazard.
- Exhaust hoods and ductwork: While most fires start in and on the cooking appliances, the exhaust hoods and ductwork, combined with the airflow, can turn a minor fire into a major one. The residue that can build up in a kitchen exhaust system becomes combustible at approximately 700 degrees Fahrenheit. Flare-ups that occur on cooking appliances can often reach more than 1,800 degrees, igniting the grease residues within a hood and quickly spreading throughout the entire duct system.
There are also many other less obvious fire hazards present in commercial kitchens, such as:
- Failure to turn off cooking appliances when not in use.
- Overheating of oils in fryers, which can lead to spontaneous combustion.
- Clutter in the kitchen, such as boxes containing paper goods (food boxes, cups, wrappers, etc.), which are all highly combustible.
- Every piece of cloth in the kitchen, including the clothing your staff is wearing, dish towels, pot holders, etc., is a potential fire hazard if it comes in contact with an open flame or heated appliance.
Cleanliness in a commercial kitchen is not only important for preparing food that is safe to eat — it’s also important for fire safety. For example, failing to clean grease traps on a regular basis can leave bits of food that can easily catch fire when more hot grease is added to the trap. And, ovens should be regularly cleaned to remove any buildup of combustible substances.
The way your kitchen is designed may also present other hazards that training and safety procedures alone cannot address. For example:
- How crowded is your kitchen? Do your workers have easy, uncluttered access between workstations?
- Do you have adequate ventilation for the size of your kitchen and the type of cooking you do?
- Are your ovens situated far enough away from other heated equipment to avoid heat transfer from one to the other?
- Are your grease removal devices too close to a heat source?
These are just a few of the things a kitchen owner has to think of when it comes to fire safety. Given the high stakes associated with kitchen fires and the disastrous effect they can have on your business, having a full understanding of your risks is key to mitigating them. Utilizing a fire and life safety company can also aid in making sure that your kitchen is top-notch at all times.
— Billy Findley is the vice president of general products at Indianapolis-based Koorsen Fire and Security, which has been protecting lives and property since 1946. Koorsen is also home to the nationally-acclaimed Koorsen Training Center. For more information, visit www.koorsen.com.